# Expand

The Expand method encompasses two Illustrator features: Expand Appearance and Expand.
Activating this method causes Illustrator to produce new vector and raster artwork objects from initial targeted artwork objects which have appearance styles and effects.

For example, a path with a Transform effect on it which has copies set to 1 would produce a group which contains two unique new paths.

# Expand Types

The Expand dialog in Illustrator provides three options:

Object - expands Text elements and certain complex Illustrator artwork such as Symbol-instances and Blend Objects.
Fill - expands any fills within the art, which turns any applied patterns into paths and (most commonly) clip-groups.
Stroke - expands any strokes within the art, which causes the stroke to get outlined. Note: if a stroke contains a pattern stroke-color or gradient stroke-color, it will now become the fill of the expanded path, which has been outlined.

Additionally, any gradient fills or stroke-colors can be affected by the following gradient-specific options:

Gradient Mesh - Turns the underlying gradient into an Illustrator Gradient-Mesh object.
Steps - Alternative to Gradient Meshes, this parameter causes Illustrator to turn the underlying gradient into a series of paths, each filled with the color found in that gradient-step.

# Expanded Artwork

Depending on the type of targeted artwork, various results are possible:

No visible or effective result because the subject artwork was not of the applicable type.
Artwork in a group — with all Expand operations, art will become nested in group-structures.
This depends on the amount of added fills/strokes and effects on art objects, as well as any existing group-structures in the targeted art.
Generated raster images of raster effects such as Drop Shadow.
Expanding a stroke is the same as outlining a stroke.
Expanding a text-object is the same as outlining the text-object.
Clip-Groups — automatically-created structures due to involvement of complex art; patterns typically expand into a grid of clip-group blocks.
Additional art-objects are created if an appearance effect produces copies of the underying line-art.
Note: Usually additional art can be made with additional strokes and fills as well as copies of the Transform Effect, but also could be possible by setting an effect and an appropriate setting with some effects, such as Drop Shadow blur set to zero (0).

# Sample Basic Expand Spreadsheet

# expand-basic.csv


house-object \| basic-stroke-fill-object				circles-object
expand				expand
fill:true	stroke:false	object:true	seriesTag:house-or-basic	fill:true	stroke:false	object:true

FALSE	TRUE			FALSE	TRUE
TRUE				TRUE
TRUE	TRUE	TRUE		TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
		FALSE				FALSE
FALSE	TRUE	FALSE		FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
FALSE	FALSE	TRUE		FALSE	FALSE	TRUE

# Sample Download Links (Basic)

The original Expand example document contains:

a simple filled and stroked object called "basic-stroke-fill-object"
an object with multiple added fills and a stroke, includiing a drop-shadow effect on one of the fills.
a Symbol-instance called "house-object".

Row 1: Fill = false, Stroke = true, Object = true.
The stroke of the "basic-stroke-fill-object" expanded into a filled compound path.

Row 2: Fill = true, Stroke = false, Object = true.
The stroke of the "basic-stroke-fill-object" stayed as a stroke, while the pattern fill expanded into clip-groups.

Row 3: Fill = true, Stroke = true, Object = true.
Both strokes and fills were affected: strokes became outlined, while the pattern-fills all expanded into clip-groups.

Row 4: Fill = true, Stroke = false, Object = false.
The pattern-fill of the "basic-stroke-fill-object" became clip-groups, its stroke stayed unaffected.
However, the Symbol-instance named "house-object" expanded into a group containing the same Symbol instance, this time under its original name.
The "circles-object" with the complex appearance style also became a wrapper group for a single path, which still has the complete complex style of the original object.

Row 5: Fill = false, Stroke = true, Object = false.
Only the stroked "basic-stroke-fill-object" became expanded. The complex-appearance "circles-object" and the Symbol-instance "house-object" were unaffected.

Row 6: Fill = false, Stroke = true, Object = false.
The "basic-stroke-fill-object" path stayed unaffected while both the Symbol-instance "house-object" and the "circles-object" complex appearance objects became expanded into groups containing various shapes.

# Making Use of Expanded Artwork

After the art is expanded, Darty-Ai is able to set Darty Tags on the resulting artwork. This powerful feature enables one to completely control the artwork by manipulating the generated art-structure "after-the-fact".

# Expanding with Tags

Use the parameters seriesTag and seriesStart to add Darty Tags to art generated by the Expand procedure.

# Parameters seriesTag & seriesStart

Although the Expand-generated artwork is only a single Group item, it is still possible to make use of the seriesStart parameter even with a single target, to add a unique tag with a controlled name.

For example, following up an Expand operation with an ungroup method.

Depending on the variety of art that was expanded, the result may have:

No seriesTag applied because the expanded artwork was of the wrong kind for the Expand method and its supplied parameters.
Both the new seriesTag and the original tag end up on the object: this occurs when the Expand method happens to affect an item with nested appearances, which leaves the original container intact.
Just the seriesTag is on the resulting item(s): this is the most desirable result as it gives precise control over all the generated items from this operation.
Note: Use the "series-tag-reusing" technique to repeatedly ungroup nested groups if needed.

# Sample Advanced Expand Spreadsheet

This example demonstrates the use of Darty Tags for management of artwork which gets generated by the Expand operation.
The subject item is "circles-object" which is the path having the complex appearance of several fills and more.
The goal is to be able to manipulate each of the generated items for any reason, by setting Darty Tags to these objects so that a predictable naming-convention can be used to this end.

In every record, unique artwork is produced depending on the situation. A robust variable design could take into account the various structures possible under certain categories of circumstances and implement the data accordingly.
For example, if it is known that certain art when expanded always produces around 20 shapes, the Darty seriesTag allows for targeting the 11th item by tag-name for further manipulation.
Similarly, other artwork structures which appear during specific processing can be researched and utilized for other types of similar artwork items.

Specifically, this example project's mission is to set unique seriesTag tags to the expanded art created by "circles-object" being expanded.
Depending on the Expand parameters, this goal is accomplished in varying degrees: from not working at all, to working 100%, as well as an 'in-between' state which could still be utilized to effectively manipulate the art.

# Series-Tag Reuse

Sometimes, particularly during Expand operations which generate a lot of nested groups, it may be necessary to repeately ungroup the artwork in order to reach the desired level and tag the final nested objects.
In such generated structures where only one object is nested several levels down, it is possible to re-use a single seriesTag by specifying repeated sets of columns which target tags starting-with (^ see Tag Search Rules) and using the same seriesTag as the base - in this example, "circ".

This example illustrates the different degrees of utility, yielding to results which can be studied for their efficacy and applied accordingly.

# expand-advanced.csv


house-object \| basic-stroke-fill-object				circles-object				*		*		*			*			*			*
expand				expand				ungroup		ungroup		ungroup			ungroup			ungroup			tagsToName
fill:true	stroke:false	object:true	seriesTag:house-or-basic	fill:true	stroke:false	object:true	seriesTag:circ	seriesTag:circ	tagSearch:circ1	seriesTag:circ	tagSearch:circ1	seriesTag:circ	tagSearch:circ1	seriesStart:1	seriesTag:circ	tagSearch:circ2	seriesStart:2	seriesTag:circ	tagSearch:circ3	seriesStart:3	*

FALSE	TRUE			FALSE	TRUE				circles-group
TRUE				TRUE
TRUE	TRUE	TRUE		TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
		FALSE				FALSE
FALSE	TRUE	FALSE		FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
FALSE	FALSE	TRUE		FALSE	FALSE	TRUE

# Sample Download Links (Advanced)

Row 1: The complex-appearance "circles-object" is reduced down to just the final artwork elements by un-grouping multiple-level groups which appear based on the Expand parameters.
See Expand Basic, Row 1.
However, not all is well, as the name circ-3 appears twice.
The reason is, the orange circle's Drop Shadow effect created a rasterized image, which added to the objects affected by the seriesTag.
If this is a consistent behavior of artwork in the template, though, it could still be highly useful by crafting the data to work around this and always account for this happening. Because these items will always appear in the same order, tag-search method-functions such as nthOfType could be used to target the appropriate artwork.
See Tag Search Rules.

Row 2: The "circles-object" art-item was expanded into groups containing nested objects.
This time, there were only 4 operation-scope-level items created, receiving the proper tags: circ1, circ2, circ3 and circ4.
If any of these items are containers of a final desired item, then they could be focused on for further operations based on the predictable seriesTag name/index combination.
For example, if to goal was after expansion to always manipulate the orange path specifically, the tagged item circ2 could be ungrouped further to separate the orange path from the drop-shadow raster-image artifact.

Row 3: Similarly to Row 2, the four groups are rendered with their specific tag-names.

Row 4: with the current row's Expand parameters, the final result is that "circles-object" was not in fact expanded, but got the first-index Darty seriesTag nonetheless. Although this is not desirable for this task, it is an insight into what is possible when this kind of artwork is encountered for this operation. If sometimes proper artwork is there, or other times not, such as in this case, following operations targeting those missing items will fail silently. This enables processing of different kinds of artwork with columns for fall-back cases.

Row 5: In this case, the "circles-object" did not get expanded at all. This set of parameters would only expand stroked items, meaning that the series of circ1 to circ4 would only be possible if "circles-object" were several stroked art-items tagged with the same "circles-object" tag.

Row 6: With the object parameter set to true, and nothing else, the "circles-object" item is ungrouped to a state almost the same as Row #1. The difference being the object at circ1 retains its purple-colored path-stroke since the stroke parameter was set to false.

# Expand Properties

Property	Description
tagsearch	The tag search of the items to expand.
seriesTag	A `seriesTag` allows easy targeting of the artworks. The original and duplicate artwork will be tagged with the given `seriesTag` with a series number added to each tag. Sample Values: `person`, `cat` yield the tags `person1`, `cat1`, where the end-digit increases according to amount of items generated by expand
seriesStart	When a `seriesTag` is provided, a numbered tag will be added to the original artwork and each duplicate. If the `seriesStart` was set to `5` and the `seriesTag` was set to `cat`, then the original artwork would be tagged `cat5` and the duplicates will be tagged in series `cat6`, `cat7` etc. If `tagOriginal` was set to `false` then the original artwork will not be tagged `cat5`, the duplicates will be tagged `cat5`, `cat6` etc. Sample Values: `1`, `5`, `11`
object	When set to `true` (default), expands Symbol, Blend and Text objects.
fill	When set to `true`, expands the fills of the object.
stroke	When set to `true`, expands the strokes of the object.
gradientmesh	If set to `true` and the object to expand contains a gradient, the gradient will change to a Gradient Mesh item.
gradientsteps	If set to `true` and the object to expand contains a gradient, the gradient will become several paths filled with a color from the gradient's range in that area.
skip	`skip` is a generic property for all methods, when set to true, the method will be skipped. See * and Skip for details. Valid Values: `true` or `false`

# Advanced Techniques

Using Darty Tags along with the Expand and ungroup methods can yield procedural results.

Explore the following topics:

Expand-O-Matic Strokes - distributing objects along a path using a dash-array, expanded into placeholders.
Copy Artwork - using Expand to generate copies of paths to fill in later with their own complex appearances.
Pathfinder & Warp for Clipping & Painting - leveraging the Pathfinder and Warp Effects to create new unique procedural paths which can be painted with new art or a path to be used as for clipping another object.

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